Multimeric analysis in diagnosis of vWD variants in Indians.

von Willebrand disease is a common inherited bleeding disorder and the problem is undefined in developing countries due to limitation of its diagnostic facilities. The aim of the study was to diagnose vWD in patients with history of muco - cutaneous bleeding and characterization into its variants by multimeric analysis. 224 patients presenting with history of muco - cutaneous bleeding were selected. In all patients, platelet count, BT, PT, APTT, PF3 availability, clot solubility and factor VIII assay were done. Diagnosis of vWD was confirmed by RIPA, vWF: Ag, and vWF: RCo and its sub-characterization was done by multimeric analysis. 64 patients were diagnosed to have vWD. Of these, 21.9% were of type 1 vWD, 43.7% type 2 vWD, 1.6% acquired vWD and 32.8% type 3 vWD. By multimeric analysis, 2 patients had supranormal HMW multimers and two patients had normal distribution of vWF multimers were diagnosed as type 2M 'Vicenza'; and type 2M vWD respectively. It is concluded, that vWD is not an uncommon condition amongst Indian population.

Doença de von Willebrand e anestesia / Von Willebrand's disease and anesthesia

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença de von Willebrand ocorre devido à mutação no cromossomo 12 e é caracterizada por deficiência qualitativa ou quantitativa do fator de von Willebrand. A diversidade de mutações leva ao aparecimento das mais variadas manifestações clínicas possibilitando a divisão dos pacientes em vários tipos e subtipos clínicos. A coagulopatia se manifesta basicamente através da disfunção plaquetária associada à diminuição dos níveis séricos do fator VIII coagulante. O objetivo dessa revisão foi mostrar os cuidados relacionados aos pacientes portadores da doença de von Willebrand durante o período perioperatório. CONTEUDO: Foram definidas as características da doença de von Willebrand quanto à fisiopatologia, à classificação, ao diagnóstico laboratorial, ao tratamento atual e aos cuidados com o manuseio do paciente no período perioperatório. CONCLUSÕES: A doença de von Willebrand é o distúrbio hemorrágico hereditário mais comum, porém ela é subdiagnosticada pela complexidade da própria doença. A correta classificação do paciente, o uso apropriado da desmopressina e a transfusão do fator de von Willebrand são medidas fundamentais para a realização do procedimento anestésico bem-sucedido.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: von Willebrand's disease is secondary to a mutation on chromosome 12, and is characterized by a qualitative and quantitative deficiency of the von Willebrand's factor. The diversity of the mutations is responsible for several different clinical manifestations, enabling the classification of several types and subtypes. The coagulopathy is manifested basically through a platelet dysfunction associated with a reduction in the serum levels of factor VIII. The objective of this review was to present the perioperative care of patients with von Willebrand's disease. CONTENTS: The physiopathology, classification, laboratorial diagnosis, and current treatment of von Willebrand's disease, as well as the perioperative management of these patients are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: von Willebrand's disease is the most common hereditary coagulopathy, but it is underdiagnosed due to the complexity of the disease itself. The right classification, proper use of desmopressin, and transfusion of von Willebrand's factor are fundamental for a successful anesthesia.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La enfermedad de von Willebrand ocurre debido a la mutación en el cromosoma 12 y se caracteriza por la deficiencia cualitativa o cuantitativa del factor de von Willebrand. La diversidad de mutaciones conlleva al aparecimiento de las más variadas manifestaciones clínicas posibilitando la división de los pacientes en varios tipos y subtipos clínicos. La coagulopatía se manifiesta básicamente a través de la disfunción plaquetaria asociada con la disminución de los niveles séricos del factor VIII coagulante. El objetivo de esa revisión fue mostrar los cuidados relacionados con las pacientes portadoras de la enfermedad de von Willebrand durante el período perioperatorio. CONTENIDO: Se definieron las características de la enfermedad de von Willebrand en cuanto a las fisiopatologías, la clasificación, al diagnóstico laboratorial, al tratamiento actual y a los cuidados con el manejo del paciente en el período perioperatorio. CONCLUSIONES: La enfermedad de von Willebrand es el disturbio hemorrágico hereditario más común, sin embargo ella está subdiagnosticada por la complejidad de la propia enfermedad. La correcta clasificación del paciente, el uso apropiado de la desmopresina y la transfusión del factor de von Willebrand son medidas fundamentales para la realización del procedimiento anestésico exitoso.

Investigation of von Willebrand Factor Gene Mutations in Korean von Willebrand Disease Patients / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: We intended to find the mutations of von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene as the most important contributing factor of von Willebrand disease (VWD) in Korean patients. METHODS: In 40 known vWD patients mutations of vWF gene were sought by direct sequencing of PCR products targeting exons 18, 19, 20, 26, 28 and 52 frequently implicated as the locations of mutation. For factors other than VWF gene contributing to VWD phenotype, we tested ABO blood group and measured ADAMTS13 activity in VWD patients. RESULTS: Twenty-seven cases (67.5%) were type 1 vWD, 3 cases (7.5%) type 3, and 5 cases (12.5%) type 2A. Three cases were type 2A or 2B (7.5%) and 2 cases were suspected to be type 2N (5.0%). Among them six candidate missense mutations were found: V1279I, R1306W, R1308C, and V1316M were previously reported in type 2B and type 1 vWD, and C858W and T1477I were novel findings. All patients were heterozygotes. Blood group O was overly represented in VWD patients, while ADAMTS13 activity of the patients was not significantly different from that of normal control. CONCLUSIONS: Mutation of VWF gene detected by genetic studies can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy, especially in subtype assignment of VWD. Two novel mutations, C858W and T1477I associated with VWD were found and expected to contribute to the elucidation of its pathophysiology.

Doença de von Willebrand na prática ginecológica e obstétrica / Von Villebrand's disease in gynaecologic and obstetric practice

A evolução e o manejo das mulheres que apresentam sangramento uterino anormal têm sido motivo de várias publicações. Distúrbios congênitos e adquiridos da hemostasia devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial de menorragia e sangramento uterino anormal. A doença de von Willebrand, desordem sanguínea hereditária que afeta 1 a 3 porcento da população, pode ser sugerida pela anamnese, história menstrual e história familiar, pois há componente genético bem estabelecido. Os autores apresentam uma atualização sobre a doença de von Willebrand na prática ginecológica e obstétrica e acrescentam considerações quanto a fisiopatologia, classificação e diagnóstico; isto contribuirá para o clínico controlar sinais e sintomas que repercutem negativamente sobre a estrutura orgânica e funcional da mulher

Correlación clínica y de laboratorio en pacientes pediátricos portadores de enfermedad de von Willebrand / Clinical correlation and of laboratory in carrying pediatrics of disease of Von Willebrand

La Enfermedad de von Willebrand (EvW) es una coagulopatía frecuente en la población. La importancia de pesquisar los diferentes subtipos de esta enfermedad tiene relación con las diversas modalidades terapéuticas y la disminución del uso de hemoderivados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar una población de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de EvW, en control en nuestra Unidad y determinar el subtipo de EvW que presentaban, caracterizando a cada grupo en relación a sus antecedentes, severidad de su sintomatología y utilización de hemoderivados. Se encontró mayor frecuencia de pacientes con EvW tipo 1, con sintomatología hemorragípara variable en su frecuencia e intensidad. Se analiza la sobreutilización de hemoderivados en este grupo de pacientes al no conocer con precisión el tipo de EvW.

Prevalence and spectrum of von Willebrand disease from western India.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: von Willebrand disease (VWD) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders in the west. Limited studies from India showed a prevalence of approximately 10 per cent of VWD among the cases with hereditary bleeding disorders. VWD remains an underdiagnosed entity in India. The prevalence of different subtypes of VWD is also not known which is essential for a proper management of these cases. The present study was thus undertaken to know the prevalence of VWD and its various subtypes in the western part of our country. METHODS: A total of 796 consecutive patients presented with various bleeding manifestations were analysed. The initial screening and confirmation tests for the diagnosis of VWD included bleeding time (BT), screening coagulation tests i.e., prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), factor VIII: C assay, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) and VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) estimations. VWF multimer analysis, ristocetin cofactor activity (RCOF), VWF collagen binding assay (VWF: CBA), factor VIII : VWF binding assay were also done to classify and subtype these cases. RESULTS: The patients were subtyped as per the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria. Of the 796 patients screened, 58 were diagnosed as VWD. Of the 15 families with a positive family history of bleeding, 26 additional cases were diagnosed as VWD. Majority of the patients were type 3 (59.5%) with severe clinical manifestations, about 18 per cent of type 1 VWD patients were detected in this group while the prevalence of the qualitative variants of VWD i.e., type 2 VWD was found to be 19 per cent and the prevalence of various subtypes were type 2A (9.52%), type 2B (4.76%), type 2M (1.2%), type 2N (3.6%). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of type 3 and a low prevalence of type 1 VWD which is in contrast to the western reports, suggests the low awareness of the disease as also the underdiagnosis of the mild cases in our country.

Empleo del DDAVP en el manejo de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand / Treatment of Von Willebrand´s disease with DDAVP

La enfermedad de Von Willebrand (EVW) es la coagulopatía heredable más frecuente en pediatría, causada por defectos cuantitativos o cualitativos de factor Von Willebrand (FVW). El tipo 1 concentra cerca del 75 por ciento del total de pacientes con esta patología. Para este grupo desde hace 20 años se utiliza la desmopresina (DDAVP) para el tratamiento de sangramientos espontáneos y para prevención de episodios hemorrágicos secundarios a procedimientos invasivos. Los objetivos de este artículo son: una revisión actualizada del uso de este medicamento en dicha coagulopatía y la difusión de esta alternativa terapéutica que permite evitar riesgos transfusionales además de disminuir los costos. Se revisa brevemente la clasificación y fisiopatología de los distintos tipos de von Willebrand para entender la elección de el tratamiento más apropiada. Incluimos un esquema simple y seguro para ser utilizado en aquellos pacientes respondedores a desmopresina.

Terapia transfusional com plasma e derivados / Transfusion therapy with plasma and derivatives

Nesta revisäo säo analisadas as principais indicaçöes para o uso do plasma e seus derivados. Particularmente, säo focalizadas a utilizaçäo dos fatores de coagulaçäo no tratamento das hemofilias e da doença de von Willebrand, e o uso terapêutico da albumina e das imunoglobulinas